A vaccine that delivers genetic instructions (mRNA) telling the patient's own cells to make the target neoantigens.

mRNA platforms encode the chosen neoantigens as messenger RNA wrapped in lipid nanoparticles. The patient's cells translate the mRNA, produce the neoantigen peptides, and present them — priming a T-cell response.
mRNA is attractive for personalized vaccines because a new sequence can be manufactured quickly once targets are chosen, making per-patient production more practical than older approaches.